Si - Silicon

Silicon is the quintesential metalloid. Pure silicon is used for electronic devices, but the oxide and silicate minerals comprise more than a quarter of the earth's crust. Jöns Berzelius isolated silicon in 1823 in Stockholm by potassium fusion of quartz.

Atomic number - 14 Density g/mL 2 .33

Atomic weight u 28 .0855 Melting point K 1685

Bonding radius A 1 .11 Boiling point K 3540

Atomic radius A 1 .46 Heat of vaporization kJ/mol 384 .22

Ionization Potential V 8 .151 Heat of fusion kJ/mol 50 .55

Electronegativity - 1 .9 Specific heat J/gK 0 .71

The oxide is amphoteric.
Crystal are face centered cubic.

Electron config. : [Ne] 3s² 3p²

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

H He

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

Fr Ra Ac** Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt 110 111 112 113

Lanthanides* Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Actinides ** Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Isotopes of Si: Click mass number for decay process, product for element page.

022
6 msec
EC/ECp,13.980
Al-22/Mg-21
22.034525 024
102 msec
EC/ECp,10.810
Al-24/Mg-23
24.011545 025
220 msec
EC/ECp,12.741
Al-25/Mg-24
25.004106 026
2.234 sec
EC,5.066 MeV
Al-26
25.992329 027
4.16 sec
EC,4.812 MeV
Al-27
26.986704 028 92.23%

Stable

27.976926 029 4.67%

Stable

28.976494

030 3.10%

Stable

29.973770 031
157.3 min
B-,1.492 MeV
P-31
30.975363 032
172 yr
B-,13.020 MeV
P-32
31.974148 033
6.18 sec
B-,5.845 MeV
P-33
32.978000 034
2.77 sec
B-,4.601 MeV
P-34
33.978575 035
0.78 sec
B-,10.500 MeV
P-35
34.984583 036
0.45 sec
B-/B-n,7.850
P-36/P-35
35.986688

037
1 usec
B-n,5.660 MeV
P-36
36.993000 MASS abund.
Halflife
Particle, Energy
Decay Product(s)
Isotopic Mass

Updated by clh on 2/6/98. This is not a publication of Phoenix College.

Atomic number	-	14		Density	g/mL	2	.33
Atomic weight	u	28	.0855	Melting point	K	1685
Bonding radius	A	1	.11	Boiling point	K	3540
Atomic radius	A	1	.46	Heat of vaporization	kJ/mol	384	.22
Ionization Potential	V	8	.151	Heat of fusion	kJ/mol	50	.55
Electronegativity	-	1	.9	Specific heat	J/gK	0	.71
The oxide is amphoteric.				Crystal are face centered cubic.
Electron config. : [Ne] 3s² 3p²
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022 6 msec EC/ECp,13.980 Al-22/Mg-21 22.034525	024 102 msec EC/ECp,10.810 Al-24/Mg-23 24.011545	025 220 msec EC/ECp,12.741 Al-25/Mg-24 25.004106	026 2.234 sec EC,5.066 MeV Al-26 25.992329	027 4.16 sec EC,4.812 MeV Al-27 26.986704	028 92.23% Stable 27.976926	029 4.67% Stable 28.976494
030 3.10% Stable 29.973770	031 157.3 min B-,1.492 MeV P-31 30.975363	032 172 yr B-,13.020 MeV P-32 31.974148	033 6.18 sec B-,5.845 MeV P-33 32.978000	034 2.77 sec B-,4.601 MeV P-34 33.978575	035 0.78 sec B-,10.500 MeV P-35 34.984583	036 0.45 sec B-/B-n,7.850 P-36/P-35 35.986688
037 1 usec B-n,5.660 MeV P-36 36.993000	MASS abund. Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass