| Date | Discovery |
| 1835 | Jons Berzelius writes a paper on chemical catalysis, uses amylase as an example. |
| 1859 | Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species. |
| 1860 | Louis Pasteur recognizes that fermation was catalyzed by enzymes, but he believes they are part of the "essence" of yeast. |
| 1865 | Gregor Mendel publishes his theory of genetics. |
| 1869 | Fredrick meischer discoverse DNA in cell nuclei. |
| 1897 | Eduard and Hans Buchner extracts materiel fom yeast that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to alcohol. |
| 1900 | Gregor Mendel's work on genetics is rediscovered. |
| 1914 | Fritz Lipmann elucidates the role of ATP in energy metabolism. |
| 1926 | James Sumner obtains crystalline jack bean urease and demostrates that it is a protein. |
| 1926 | Thomas Hunt Morgan writes The Theory of the Gene. |
| 1934 | Arnold Beckman developes the first pH meter. |
| 1937 | Hans Krebs discovers the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). |
| 1941 | George Beadle & Edward tatum propose the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis. |
| 1944 | Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarthy use chemical methods to establish that DNA is the genetic material. |
| 1950 | Edwin Chargaff publishes observation that A=T, G=C (Chargaff's rules). |
| 1952 | Linus Pauling and Robert Corey propose the a-helix and the b-pleated sheet structures for proteins. |
| 1952 | Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase provide additional support for DNA as genetic material. |
| 1953 | James Watson and Frances Crick put forth the double helix model DNA. |
| 1953 | Fredrick Sanger determines the firdt amino acid sequence of a protien(insulin). |
| 1956 | Earl Sutherland isolates cyclic AMP. |
| 1957 | Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl carry out experiment to demonstrate semiconservative DNA replication. |
| 1960 | John Kendrew and Max Pertuz obtain the first three dimensionalstructure of proteins (hemoglobin and myoglobin). |
| 1960 | Jerald Huritz and Samuel Weiss discover RNA polymerase. |
| 1961 | Francois Jacob andJaques Monod propound the operon model of gene control. |
| 1963 | Allosteric model for inhibition of enzymes (Jean-pierrre Changuex, F. jacob, and J. Monod). |
| 1964 | Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins is developed. |
| 1965 | Marshal Nirenberg, H. Gobind Khorana, and severo Ochoa complete the elucidation of the genetic code. |
| 1965 | 3-D model of first enzyme (lysozyme by David Phillips. |
| 1965 | Robert Holley determines the structure of a transfer-RNA. |
| 1965 | Jerome Vinograd discovers superhelical twisting. |
| 1968 | Mark Ptashne and Walter Gilbert identify the first repressor genes. |
| 1969 | Paula DeLucia and John Cairns isolate a mutant of E. coli called pol A1. |
| 1969 | First synthesis of an enzyme (ribonuclease). |
| 1970 | Hamilton Smith discovers restriction endonucleases. |
| 1970 | Howard temin and David Baltimore discover reverse transcriptase. |
| 1973 | Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer prepare recombinant DNA. |
| 1974 | Sung-Hou Kim, et al. produce the first X-ray structure of transfer RNA. |
| 1977 | Cesar Milstein discovers how to produce monoclonal antibodies. |
| 1977 | Allan Maxam and Walter gibert develop a chemistry for sequencing DNA. |
| 1977 | Fredrick Sanger, S. Nicklen and A.R. Coulson develop a chemistry for sequencing DNA. |
| 1977 | Phillip Sharp and Richard Roberts discover intons (intervening sequences). |
| 1982 | First x-ray structure of a membrane protein. |
created by John Brabson and Adrienne Enfield
on 6/9/97
maintained by
johnb@mills.edu
last revised on 9/5/97
FUTURES PROJECT 1997