Virtual University North

Chemical Sciences

Overall Structure and Index

Chemical Thermodynamics

Chemical Equilibrium

• Fundamentals of Chemical Equilibrium
  • Chemical Equilibrium is a Dynamic State
  • The Law of Mass Action
  • Chemical Activities of Substances
• Equilibrium Constants
  • The Principle of Le Chatelier
  • Equilibrium Constants Explain the Principle of Le Chatelier
  • Form, Nominal Units, and Values of Equilibrium Constants
  • The Different Types of Equilibrium Constants
• Gas-Phase Equilibria
  • Simple Gas-Phase Equilibria
  • Gas-Phase Equilibria: Effects of Added Reactants or Products
  • Gas-Phase Equilibria: Effects of Pressure and Temperature
  • Mixed-Phase Equilibria
• Acid-Base Equilibria
  • Explanations of Acid-Base Behavior
  • Stoichiometry of Acid-Base Reactions
  • Ionization Constants of Acids and Bases
  • Ionization Constants are Measures of Intrinsic Strength
  • pH is the Measure of Solution Acidity
  • Acidity of Solutions of Strong Acids
  • Acidity of Solutions of Strong Bases
  • Acidity of Solutions of Weak Acids
  • Acidity of Solutions of Weak Bases
  • Acidity of Solutions of Amphiprotic Substances
  • Acidity of Solutions of Aqueous Buffers
  • Acidity of Solutions Considering Acid-Base Reactions
  • Levelling Effect of Protonic Solvents
  • Response to Stress of Aqueous Buffers
  • Preparation of Aqueous Buffer Solutions
  • Introduction to Acid-Base Titrations
  • Stoichiometry of Acid-Base Titrations
  • Equilibria and Acid-Base Titrations
  • Introduction to Polyprotic Acids
  • Exercises: Aqueous Buffers and Acid-Base Titrations